| This article contains information about
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| | reservation.
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| Arizona casinos and the popularity of
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| | Prior to this Act, the 1987 U.S. Supreme
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| them in the desert southwest. This
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| | Court ruling in California v. Cabazon
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| article also contains the history of
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| | Band of Mission Indians, really meant
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| Arizona slot machines and what the Indian
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| | that states do not have any regulatory
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| Gaming Regulatory Act which governs slot
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| | authority when it comes to Indian
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| machines, meant to the Tribes of Arizona.
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| | reservation casinos.
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| If you have traveled to Arizona, you
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| | The Indian Gaming Regulatory Act of 1988
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| probably have noticed that there is no
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| | permitted states and Indian Tribes to be
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| question that Arizona Casinos are more
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| | able to regulate Class III Tribal gaming,
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| than just a popular form of
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| | which is inclusive of games such as
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| entertainment. Casinos in Arizona are
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| | blackjack, slot machines, keno and other
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| popular and have been for many years.
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| | such related casino style games.
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| A study done by NAU (Northern Arizona
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| | During the early 1990s, there were
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| University) confirmed the popularity
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| | several Arizona Tribes that had installed
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| through an extensive research project.
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| | slot machines in their casinos even
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| NAU researched gaming and when the study
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| | though none of them had Tribal-State
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| was completed, the results were very
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| | Gaming Compacts with the state. At that
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| clear. The report indicated that
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| | time, the Arizona governor Symington
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| one-third of all Arizonans responded that
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| | believed that Native American
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| they too, had gambled in a casino in
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| | reservations should not be allowed to
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| Arizona.
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| | have casinos, because at that time,
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| In 1988, the U.S. It was Congress who
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| | Arizona did not permit any gambling that
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| passed an act which later became known as
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| | was considered to be off-reservation.
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| the Indian Gaming Regulatory Act, also
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| | Tribes contended that Arizona was already
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| referred to as IGRA. IGRA has long
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| | permitting gambling by allowing gambling
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| recognized the popular entertainment form
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| | acts such as horse and dog racing,
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| of gaming and has used it as a means to
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| | charity bingo games, as well as the state
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| promote economic development of many
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| | lotteries that were readily available.
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| Indian Tribes.
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| | The National Indian Gaming Commission
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| There are many people who honestly
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| | issued rules that clarified these rules
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| believe that casinos have been the answer
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| | in 1992, which said that a Tribe must
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| to Native Americans becoming self
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| | have a gaming Compact with a state before
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| sufficient in order to be able to promote
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| | it is allowed to operate slot machines on
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| their own Tribal government through the
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| | its land.
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| money profits of these such Arizona
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| | Following this ruling, the Arizona
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| casinos.
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| | Governor called on the United States
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| The AIGA organization represents the
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| | Attorney in Phoenix, Arizona, to proceed
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| membership of some 19 Tribes and
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| | to shut down any and all casinos that had
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| represent 90 percent of the Native
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| | slot machines. It was like something
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| American Indians who live on the
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| | that you would see in a movie. FBI
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| reservations within the sate of Arizona.
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| | agents raided several Indian gaming
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| This organization was created to help
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| | casinos and seized their gaming slot
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| both protect and promote the welfare of
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| | machines.
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| Native American Indian Tribes. Their
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| | At the Fort McDowell Casino located near
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| focus is still the same which is to
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| | Scottsdale, Arizona, many of the Native
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| assist their members to become self
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| | American Tribal members tried to prevent
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| reliant.
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| | these agents from removing their slot
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| The organization stands by their belief
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| | machines by forming a blockade which
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| that they are most definitely committed
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| | resulted in a three week long standoff.
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| to both maintaining and protecting the
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| | One year later in 1993, the governor
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| Indian sovereign government authority.
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| | signed off on an agreement with the
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| The Regulatory Act permits any state to
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| | Native American Indian tribes which
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| be able to operate Native American Indian
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| | allowed Tribes to have these gaming slot
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| gaming on the reservations as long as the
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| | machines on each of their reservations.
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| state permits such gaming activities
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| | Not included in this Compact agreement
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| off-reservation.
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| | were any table games. In 2003, however,
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| The IGRA Act was a result of a Supreme
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| | the popular game of blackjack was added
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| Court ruling that basically said that
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| | to the list of table games that were
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| states do not have any leverage over
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| | allowed.
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| gaming on any United States Tribe
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